British author, philosopher, and statesman. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. The two alabaster effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow Katherine Swynford (whose sister Philippa de Roet was married to Chaucer). Omissions? In 1386 John departed for Spain to pursue his claim to the kingship of Castile and Leon based upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371. For example, his ship, the Dieulagarde, was seized and bundled with other royal ships to be sold to pay off the debts of Sir Robert de Crull, who during the latter part of King Edward III's reign had been the Clerk of the King's Ships, and had advanced monies to pay for the king's ships. Sometime after the death of Blanche of Lancaster in 1368 and the birth of their first son, John Beaufort, in 1373, John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford, the daughter of an ordinary knight, entered into an extra-marital love affair that would produce four children for the couple. The death of the Black Prince on 8 June 1376 and the onset of Edward III's last illness at the closing of Parliament on 10 July left John with all the reins of power. He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year. John of Gaunt received most of the blame for the debcle.[13]. There is, however, evidence that he may occasionally have used this second marshalling at earlier dates. In 1397 he obtained legitimization of the four children born to her before their marriage. His administration of the province was a disappointment, and his appointment as duke was much resented by the Gascons, since Aquitaine had previously always been held directly by the king of England or his heir; it was not felt to be a fief that a king could bestow on a subordinate. Though it seemed an inglorious conclusion to the campaign, John had forced the French king, Charles V, to abandon his plans to invade England that autumn.[9]. John sailed from England on 9 July 1386 with a huge Anglo-Portuguese fleet carrying an army of about 5,000 men plus an extensive "royal" household and his wife and daughters. Meanwhile, in England, war had nearly broken out between the followers of King Richard II and the followers of Gloucester. He was wrong-footed by John's decision to invade Galicia, the most distant and disaffected of Castile's kingdoms. He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the Crown of Castile that came courtesy of his second wife Constance, who was an heir to the Castillian Kingdom, and for a time styled himself as such. Upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371, John assumed (officially from 29 January 1372) the title of King of Castile and Len in right of his wife, and insisted his fellow English nobles henceforth address him as "my lord of Spain". Dates: 1354 - March 24, 1394. [10] After this event, the Black Prince gave John the lieutenancy of Aquitaine and sailed for England, leaving John in charge. The Somerset family has long borne the arms of Beaufort undifferenced, with the baton sinister adopted by Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, discontinued. Furthermore, while King Edward and the Prince of Wales were popular heroes due to their successes on the battlefield, John of Gaunt had not won equivalent military renown that could have bolstered his reputation. He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. John of Gaunt's eldest son and heir, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, the son of his first wife Blanche of Lancaster, was exiled for ten years by King Richard II in 1398 as resolution to a dispute between Henry and Thomas de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. FamousKin.com cannot and does not guarantee the accuracy and reliability of these sources. After the death in 1376 of his older brother Edward of Woodstock (also known as the "Black Prince"), John of Gaunt contrived to protect the religious reformer John Wycliffe, possibly to counteract the growing secular power of the church. Gaunt is an anglicisation of Ghent John of Gaunt was born in the abbey of Saint Bavo in Ghent, modern-day Belgium, on 6 March 1340, while his father, who had claimed the throne of France in 1337, was seeking allies against the French among the dukes and counts of the Low Countries. He also became the 14th Baron of Halton and 11th Lord of Bowland. For places and organisations named after him, see, A portrait commissioned in c. 1593 by Sir, John of Gaunt: Son of One King, Father of Another, Kathryn Warner, Amberley Publishing, 2022. John was left isolated (even the Black Prince supported the need for reform) and the Commons refused to grant money for the war unless most of the great officers of state were dismissed and the king's mistress Alice Perrers, another focus of popular resentment, was barred from any further association with him. Exercising his first command, John dared not attack such a superior force and the two armies faced each other across a marsh for several weeks until the English were reinforced by the Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, at which the French withdrew without offering battle. This rumour, which infuriated him, may have been inspired by the fact that Edward III had not been present at his birth.[4]. John received the title "Duke of Lancaster" from his father on 13 November 1362. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. [5] Following Gaunt's death in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the Crown, and his son Henry, now disinherited, was branded a traitor and exiled. Son of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster. The first, called to grant massive war taxation to the Crown, turned into a parliamentary revolution, with the Commons (supported to some extent by the Lords) venting their grievances at decades of crippling taxation, misgovernment, and suspected endemic corruption among the ruling classes. Due to some generous land grants, John was one of the richest men in his era. John married Katherine in 1396, and their four children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. At one point he was forced to take refuge across the Thames, while his Savoy Palace only just escaped looting. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, also called (134262) earl of Richmond, or (from 1390) duc (duke) dAquitaine, (born March 1340, Ghentdied February 3, 1399, London), English prince, fourth but third surviving son of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut; he exercised a moderating influence in the political and constitutional struggles of the reign of his nephew Richard II. 1st Duke of Lancaster. SOURCE: Wikipedia Chaucer retorts that "My frend maystow nat reven, blind goddesse" (50) and orders her to take away those who merely pretend to be his friends. He was most famous for signing the Magna Carta in 1215, and for losing the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, thus receiving his nickname Lackland. During his second marriage, some time around 1373 (the approximate birth year of their eldest son, John Beaufort) John of Gaunt entered into an extra-marital love affair with Katherine Swynford, the daughter of an ordinary knight, which would produce four children for the couple. [3] Biography . Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; National Archives; CP 40/541; year 1396. By then well established, he owned at least thirty castles and estates across England and France and maintained a household comparable in scale and organisation to that of a monarch. During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored. Two of John's daughters married into continental royal houses (those of Portugal and Castile). Constance died in 1394. He also became the 14th Baron of Halton and 11th Lord of Bowland. The Beaufort Portcullis, now the symbol of the House of Commons; The heraldic colours white and blue, an old symbol of the Earls of Lancaster. John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. In 1371, John married Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile, thus giving him a claim to the Crown of Castile, which he would pursue. Daughter of: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp. FamousKin.com About Me She is an ancestor of today's British royal family. John was married three times. Pausing on the journey to use his army to drive off the French forces who were then besieging Brest, he landed at Corunna in northern Spain on 29 July. When John died in 1399, Richard II confiscated the Lancastrian estates, thereby preventing them from passing to Johns son, Henry Bolingbroke. Blanche (13591388/1389), who married Sir Thomas Morieux (13551387) in 1381 and had no children. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) m. Blanche of Lancaster (1345-1369) Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) m. John I of Portugal (1358-1433) Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter (1363-1426) m. 1st, John Hasting, 3rd Earl of Pembroke m. 2nd, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (c1352-1400) Here are 10 facts about the royal ancestor, John of Gaunt. Despite Johns extreme unpopularity, he maintained his position after the accession of his ten-year-old nephew, Richard II, in 1377, and from 1381 to 1386 he mediated between the Kings party and the opposition group led by Johns younger brother, Thomas Woodstock, earl of Gloucester. Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester (16291700), sixth in descent from Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, assisted in the Restoration of the Monarchy to King Charles II, who in 1682 created him Duke of Beaufort. At a time when English forces encountered setbacks in the Hundred Years' War against France, and Edward III's rule was becoming unpopular due to high taxation and his affair with Alice Perrers, political opinion closely associated the Duke of Lancaster with the failing government of the 1370s. Eleanor of Aquitaine's Descendants Through John, King of England King John signing the Magna Carta, in a 19th century depiction by James William Edmund Doyle. It was only in 1386, after Portugal under its new King John I had entered into a full alliance with England, that he was actually able to land with an army in Spain and mount a campaign for the throne of Castile (that ultimately failed). And I constitute and appoint the Reverend Fathers in God Richard Bishop of Salisbury; John Bishop of Worcester; my very dear and loving cousins and companions Thomas Earl of Worcester, Steward of the Household of my Lord the King; and William Earl of Wilts, Treasurer of England; my son Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; Monsr Walter Blount; Monsr John Dabruggecourt; Monsr William Par; Monsr Hugh War'ton; Monsr Thomas Skelton; and Cokeyn, Chief Steward of my Lands; Sir Robert Qwytby, my Attorney General; Piers Melburn; William Ketyring; Robert Haylfield, Comptroller of my Household; Sir John Leyburn, my Receiver General; and Thomas Longley, Clerk, my executors. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. The two alabaster effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey. John had no funds with which to pay them, and despite his entreaties, none were sent from England, so in April 1374, he abandoned the enterprise and sailed for home. On his return he obtained the chief influence with his father, but he had serious opponents among a group of powerful prelates who aspired to hold state offices. Near the end of their lives, Lancaster and Chaucer became brothers-in-law. Known for: a legitimized daughter of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt, one of Edward III 's sons, Joan Beaufort was an ancestor of Edward IV, Richard III, Henry VIII, Elizabeth of York, and Catherine Parr. Through advantageous marriages and land grants, John became exceedingly wealthy and influential at his father's court.. In 1386 John left England to seek the throne of Castile, claimed in jure uxoris by right of his second wife, Constance of Castile, whom he had married in 1371. Near the end of their lives, Lancaster and Chaucer became brothers-in-law. They were harried mainly by French mercenaries of the Castilian king. What's New! FamousKin.com About Me From then until 1377, he was effectively the head of the English government due to the illness of his father and elder brother, who were unable to exercise authority. Constance of Castile Facts: Known for: her claim to the crown of Castile led to an attempt by her husband, England's John of Gaunt, to control that land. Sick, demoralised and mutinous, the army was in no shape to defend Aquitaine, and soldiers began to desert. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Beauforts played an important role during the Wars of the Roses in the fifteenth century and the eventual heiress of the family Lady Margaret Beaufort was the mother of King Henry VII, the first Tudor monarch of England. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Only John's intervention in the political crisis succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. By Constance of Castile: Their daughter Philippa became Queen of Portugal by marrying King John I of Portugal in 1387. John invested the town for four days in October, but he was losing so many men to dysentery and bubonic plague that he decided to abandon the siege and return to Calais. WILL: JOHN OF GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER I, John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, February 3d, 1397. The male line was however continued through Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, the illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, who adopted the surname "Somerset" and used the arms of Beaufort but with a baton sinister for bastardy.[5]. On 23 August, he was confronted by a much larger French army under Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. John of Gaunt died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (1375-1447) Through his daughter Philippa, he was grandfather of King Edward of Portugal and an ancestor of all subsequent Portuguese monarchs as well. Through them, many royal families of Europe can trace lineage to him. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Husee to Lincolnshire). John fathered five children outside marriage, one early in life by a lady-in-waiting to his mother, and four by Katherine Swynford, Gaunt's long-term mistress and third wife. [2][3] As Duke of Lancaster, he is the founder of the royal House of Lancaster, whose members would ascend the throne after his death. When he became unpopular later in life, a scurrilous rumour circulated, along with lampoons, claiming that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher. The present King therefore has a far more complex biological relationship to their common ancestor. For my birthday, I gave my mom to friends. Also known as: Constanza of Castile, Infanta Constanza. Research devoted solely to this person has either not yet taken place or it is currently in progress. With them, he participated in the Siege of Limoges (September 1370). A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the thronethe phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status")was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. Learn how and when to remove this template message, John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke, Death of John of Gaunt, Richard Cavendish explains the life and death of Henry IV's father, on February 3rd, 1399, Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present, www.measuringworth.com, "British History in depth: Black Death: Political and Social Changes", Several entries, as Duke of Aquitaine & Lancaster; and as King of Castile and Duke of Lancaster, "Explanatory Notes on 'The Book of the Duchess', "Marks of cadency in the British royal family", Sir Jean Froissart: John of Gaunt in Portugal, 1385, Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary, Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester, Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester, Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Gaunt&oldid=1149661958, Pretenders to the throne of the kingdom of Castile, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2022, All articles needing additional references, Pages using infobox military person with embed, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow.

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